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Royal Air Force Station Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya, (originally RAF Dhibban) was a Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah. It was operational from October 1936 until the 31 May 1959 when the British were finally withdrawn following the July 1958 Revolution. It remained a major Iraqi military airbase. ==History== RAF Habbaniya was constructed on the west bank of the Euphrates and opened on 19 October 1936. It was a British sovereign airbase which the British fought tooth and nail to protect it against the invading Iraqi Army in May 1941. RAF Habbaniya was also known as Second London with an entrance gate called London Gate. The squadrons, units and headquarters and the hospital gradually moved in from RAF Hinaidi, Baghdad, which was vacated by the British and renamed "Rashid Airfield" by the Iraqis. Originally called RAF Dhibban, the station was renamed RAF Habbaniya on 1 May 1938. The base was extensive and included the Air Headquarters of RAF Iraq Command, maintenance units, an aircraft depot, an RAF hospital, RAF Iraq Levies barracks, the RAF Armoured Car Company depot as well as fuel and bomb stores. There were numerous billets, messes and a wide range of leisure facilities including swimming pools, cinemas and theatres, sports pitches, tennis courts and riding stables. It was self-contained with its own power station, water purification plant and sewage farm. Water taken from the Euphrates for the irrigation systems enabled green lawns, flower beds and even ornamental Botanical Gardens. After World War II the families of British personnel started living at Habbaniya and a school was started. Within the camp perimeter was the Civil Cantonment which provided the accommodation for the families of the RAF Iraq Levies and the civilian workers and their families. The cantonment population of about 10,000 had their own schools, hospital, mosques, churches, temples, cinema and bazaars. Just outside the perimeter was the village of Humphreya in which more locally employed civilians and their families lived. It was the original construction camp for the company which constructed the base, Messrs Humphreys of Knightsbridge, London (and from which the name Humphreya arose). There was a 7-mile perimeter fence round the base but this did not enclose the airfield which was outside. In 1952 a second airfield was built on the plateau to cope with the long range and jet aircraft using the base (this subsequently became the Iraqi Air Force Al Taqaddum airbase). In the late 1930s Imperial Airways established a staging post on Lake Habbaniya for the flying boat service from the UK to British India using Short Empires. The lake provided the necessary landing area for these aircraft in the middle of the Mesopotamian desert. The station was a large flying training school during World War II, as well as a transport staging airfield. During the Rashid Ali rebellion in 1941 the airfield was besieged by the Iraqi Army encamped on the overlooking plateau. On 2 May 1941, British forces from the airfield launched pre-emptive airstrikes on Iraqi forces throughout Iraq and the Anglo-Iraqi War began. The siege was lifted by the units based at Habbaniya, including pilots from the training school, a battalion of the King's Own Royal Regiment flown in at the last moment, Number 1 Armoured Car Company RAF and the RAF's Iraq Levies. The subsequent arrival of a relief column (''Kingcol''), part of ''Habforce'' sent from Palestine, then a British mandate, combined with the Habbaniya units to force the rebel forces to retreat to Baghdad. Later in World War II Habbaniya became an important stage on the southern air route between the UK and the USSR. British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) ran a regular passenger service via North Africa and the Middle East using Consolidated Liberator transports. The United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command used Habbaniya as a stopover point between the large Lend-Lease aircraft assembly facility at Abadan Airport, Iran and Payne Field, Cairo. Also ATC operated a transport route from Habbaniya to Mehrabad Airport. Tehran. After World War II, BOAC discontinued the flying boat service and the hotel buildings at the lake were acquired by the RAF and used as a Rest and Recreation Centre. Operational RAF squadrons were based at Habbaniya and very many aircraft passed through in transit. Roald Dahl was stationed there in 1940, as described in his book, ''Going Solo'', but his description is somewhat inaccurate and his opinion rather unfavourable compared with that of most personnel who served there. Among the Units located at Habbaniya at various times were: * No. 4 Service Flying Training School; * No. 115 Maintenance Unit RAF;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RAF Habbaniya )〕 * No. 134 Maintenance Unit RAF; * 123 Signals Unit; * 276 Signals Unit; * Squadrons Nos 8, 30, 70, 84, 244, 249, 683; * 19 Topographical Squadron R.E. * No. 1 Armoured Car Company RAF; * Number 2 Squadron RAF Regiment; * 1st Battalion King's Own Royal Regiment. * Iraq Levies, HQ, 1st, 2d,3d, 4th, and 5th Assyrian Levies and 8th Levy. All companies of 125 men plus their dependents totaling 2,000 people. No. 8 Squadron RAF and No. 73 Squadron RAF were among the last flying squadrons to depart the base in the mid 1950s, along with No. 104 Maintenance Unit RAF and the RAF Hawker Hunter Servicing Flight/(Royal Iraqi Air Force) (the last active in 1957–1958). The base closed on 31 May 1959 when the British were finally withdrawn following the July 1958 Revolution. In June 1961 there were two Iraqi Air Force squadrons at the base:〔Tom Cooper (Kuwait Emergency ), Air Combat Information Group〕 * No.1 Squadron, Venom FB.Mk.1, based at Habbaniyah AB, CO Capt. A.-Mun’em Ismaeel * No.6 Squadron, Hunter, based at Habbaniyah AB, CO Capt. Hamid Shaban Tom Cooper's book 'Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 Units in Combat' describes Habbaniya as a base for Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s by 1990.〔David Nicolle, Tom Cooper, Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 Units in Combat, Volume 44 of Osprey Combat Aircraft, Osprey Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1841766550, 9781841766553, 78.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「RAF Habbaniya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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